This is contrary to earlier discourse on reducing nuclear dependence. On the other hand, nuclear power generation has been proposed to expand by 25 GW through 14 new reactors to be built by state-controlled Electricitė de France SA. The latter entails a 2050 target of 40 GW offshore and 37 GW onshore wind power generation capacity, as well as 100 GW of solar photovoltaic parks. In early February, the French president announced a “rebirth” of the nuclear energy industry alongside ambitious renewable energy objectives. These countries are now proposing some of the most ambitious advancements in terms of renewables deployment, heating, transport and industry transformation. While this is significantly lower than the EU’s dependency as a whole - which sources 40% of its gas and 27% of its oil from Russia - the outbreak of the war still raised concern about this external reliance, especially in light of the autumn 2021 “panic over fuel”. In the UK, imports from Russia account for 4% of gas and 8% of oil. That being said, close to 20% of its gas imports come from Russia. Despite this, the Dutch government is aiming to end its Russian energy imports by the end of this year and possibly even earlier, since Gazprom suspended sales to Dutch trader GasTerra from May 31st, 2022.Ĭompared to other European countries, France is less dependent on Russian fuels. The share of Russian gas in the Netherlands’ total gas consumption is relatively low, standing at only around 15%, or 6 bcm. This is significant considering gas represents 42% of Italy’s energy consumption. Italy, like Germany, has been heavily dependent on gas imports: 95% of the gas it uses is imported, of which 45% comes from Russia. Over at least the last three decades, Germany has been powered by affordable fossil fuels from Russia, mainly delivered through long-term supply contracts in which a significant amount of political capital was invested and long negotiation processes were put into place. Germany, the largest European Union economy, is also the largest European Union importer of fossil fuels from Russia.
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